CAFÉ DENSITY

Every dot is a café tagged in OpenStreetMap inside the city's central bounding box. Density is dots ÷ approximate area. Crowdsourced data: more complete in mapped cities.

Querying Overpass…

CAVEAT

OSM tags don't distinguish specialty from chain. Density tells you about café culture broadly — Tokyo's kissaten count, Melbourne's third-wave bars, Italy's neighborhood espresso bars all show up together. Compare cities rather than worrying about the absolute number.