Water
Water — the invisible 98%
150 ppm TDS, calcium + magnesium, low alkalinity
Coffee is 98–99% water. The SCA target is ~150 ppm total dissolved solids, with calcium and magnesium for extraction and a low bicarbonate buffer. Hard tap water mutes acidity and scales your boiler. Distilled water tastes hollow and is unsafe for boilers. Practical options: Brita / BWT pitchers for filter brewing; Third Wave Water or Lotus Coffee Water sachets in distilled for cupping precision; under-counter softeners or RO systems for café espresso machines.