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MILK-BASED DRINKS

Steamed milk is sweetness + texture. Pair it with espresso and the drink's character comes from the ratio of espresso to milk and the texture of the foam.

FURTHER READING · 3 SOURCES
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Science

Why steamed milk tastes sweet

Lactose, fats, denatured proteins

Heating milk to ~60–65°C makes lactose taste sweeter and partially denatures the proteins, which capture air as microfoam. Above ~70°C proteins break down further and milk tastes scalded. Below ~55°C it tastes flat. The window is narrow and audible — listen to the pitcher.